Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO) surgery is a common procedure used to treat dogs suffering from cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injuries, which can cause pain and instability in the knee joint. TPLO surgery alters the angle of the tibial plateau to stabilize the knee, allowing your dog to return to normal activities. As a pet owner, it’s important to be fully informed about what to expect after your dog has TPLO surgery. This guide will walk you through the recovery process, helping you prepare for the journey ahead. For more information about CCL injuries, you can visit Animal Outpatient Surgery’s CCL page.
The Immediate Post-Surgery Period
In the first 24-48 hours after TPLO surgery, your dog will be recovering from anesthesia, and it’s common for them to experience grogginess or mild disorientation. During this period, you should monitor them closely for any signs of post-operative complications such as swelling, bleeding, or infection at the incision site. It’s essential to follow your veterinarian’s instructions on how to care for the incision and keep it clean and dry.
What to expect after TPLO surgery also includes keeping your dog calm and quiet to allow the knee to begin healing. You will see them begin walking slowly and with a limp—this is normal and will gradually improve as they regain strength.
Pain Management and Medications
Pain management is critical during the first few weeks post-surgery. Your veterinarian will prescribe painkillers and anti-inflammatory medications to keep your dog comfortable and help reduce swelling. Antibiotics may also be prescribed to prevent infection. It’s important to administer these medications as directed and watch for signs of unmanaged pain, such as whining, restlessness, or reluctance to move. If you notice these signs, contact your vet for further advice.
Restricted Mobility and Rest
Limiting your dog’s activity after TPLO surgery is essential for a successful recovery. For the first 6-8 weeks, your dog will need to be confined to a small area where they cannot run, jump, or engage in any strenuous activity. You may need to use a small room, or set up a designated recovery area with a soft bed and easy access to food and water.
One of the things to expect after your dog’s TPLO surgery is a period of enforced rest, which can be challenging for both you and your dog. However, this restricted mobility is crucial for allowing the knee to heal properly. Keeping your dog entertained with toys or gentle interaction can help them stay calm during this time.
The Rehabilitation Process
During the first 8 weeks of rehabilitation, your dog will gradually regain strength and mobility. Initially, your vet will recommend complete rest, but after a couple weeks, you can slowly begin reintroducing short walks on a leash. Exercise should be according to the rehab schedule provided, and your dog should not engage in any high-impact activities like running or jumping.
Patience is key during this process, as what you can expect after TPLO surgery in dogs includes gradual improvement rather than an immediate return to normal activities. For a more detailed recovery timeline, you can visit our TPLO recovery timeline guide.
Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Exercises
Physical therapy can be highly beneficial for dogs recovering from TPLO surgery. Rehabilitation exercises help your dog regain muscle strength and joint flexibility, which can accelerate healing and prevent stiffness. Consult with your veterinarian about arranging physical therapy sessions or learning some at-home exercises to assist in your dog’s recovery. Simple activities, such as controlled leash walking or gentle range-of-motion exercises, can make a big difference in recovery outcomes.
Managing Weight During Recovery
Maintaining your dog’s weight is an important aspect of the recovery process, especially with the restricted activity levels post-surgery. Excess weight can place undue stress on the healing joint, potentially causing complications or delaying recovery. During the recovery period, adjust your dog’s diet to prevent weight gain. Opt for a lower-calorie diet, portion control, and healthy treats to keep your dog’s weight in check without sacrificing nutrition. Discuss the best food options with your vet to ensure your dog is getting the nutrients they need while avoiding excess calories.
Potential Setbacks and How to Handle Them
It’s not uncommon for dogs to experience setbacks during the recovery process. Minor issues such as stiffness or limping can occur, especially during the rehabilitation phase. If your dog seems to be in discomfort, ensure they aren’t overexerting themselves and contact your vet if the symptoms persist or worsen. While setbacks can be stressful, they are often a normal part of healing.
Returning to Normal Activities
One of the most common concerns for pet owners is knowing when their dog will be able to return to normal activities. While what to expect after TPLO surgery in dogs varies, most dogs regain full mobility within 3 to 6 months. However, this timeline is individual, and recovery can depend on many factors such as the age of the injury, the dog’s age, the dog’s overall health, and how strictly post-operative instructions were followed. High-impact activities like running, jumping, or rough play may need to be avoided for a longer period to prevent re-injury. Always consult your vet before increasing your dog’s activity levels.
The Importance of Follow-Up Vet Visits
Regular follow-up visits are critical to ensure your dog is healing properly. During these appointments, your vet will assess the progress of the surgery, monitor for any complications, and adjust medications as needed. Your veterinarian will also let you know when it is safe to increase your dog’s activity levels or begin rehabilitation exercises. Follow-up appointments are typically scheduled every 2-4 weeks post-surgery.
Conclusion
Recovering from TPLO surgery requires patience and dedication, but with proper care, most dogs regain full mobility and return to a more active, comfortable life. What to expect after TPLO surgery includes rest, rehabilitation, and regular vet visits, but the long-term benefits are worth the effort. By closely following your veterinarian’s guidance, managing your dog’s weight, and ensuring gradual reintroduction to activities, you can help your dog achieve the best possible recovery.
For any concerns or additional support during the recovery process, don’t hesitate to consult Animal Outpatient Surgery. Book an appointment or give us a call.
Works Cited
Alvarez, L.X., Repac, J.A., Kirkby Shaw, K. & Compton, N. 2022. Systematic review of postoperative rehabilitation interventions after cranial cruciate ligament surgery in dogs. Veterinary Surgery. 51(2):233–243. DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13755.
